The Book of Ruth is the eighth book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament and is one of the Five Megillot. It is a short historical narrative named after its central character, Ruth the Moabitess. The book was likely written between 1010 and 931 BC during the Israelite monarchy. The book’s authorship is traditionally attributed to the prophet Samuel. Notable people in the book include Ruth, her mother-in-law Naomi, and Boaz, Ruth’s kinsman-redeemer.
Background of Ruth
The Book of Ruth takes place during the time of the Judges, a period when a series of judges ruled Israel. The story takes place in the land of Moab and Bethlehem and revolves around themes of loyalty, kindness, and redemption. It highlights the concept of the kinsman-redeemer and demonstrates the inclusion of a foreigner (Ruth) into the lineage of the Israelites. The book was likely written to convey the importance of loyalty to one’s family and faith and to showcase the ancestry of King David. The Book of Ruth falls under the category of wisdom literature, as it teaches important moral lessons and insights.
Outline of Ruth
- Ruth 1 – Naomi and Ruth return to Bethlehem: This chapter tells the story of Naomi and her daughter-in-law Ruth, who decide to return to Bethlehem following the death of their husbands in Moab.
- Ruth 2 – Ruth meets Boaz: Ruth goes to work in the fields of Boaz, a wealthy landowner and a relative of Naomi’s deceased husband. Boaz shows kindness to Ruth, providing her with protection and food.
- Ruth 3 – Ruth at the threshing floor: Following Naomi’s instructions, Ruth approaches Boaz at the threshing floor and essentially asks him to become her kinsman-redeemer.
- Ruth 4 – Boaz marries Ruth: Boaz agrees to marry Ruth, redeeming her and her deceased husband’s land. The book concludes with the genealogy of King David, showing that Ruth is his great-grandmother.
Biblical Timeline
- 1100 BC: The events in the Book of Ruth take place during the time of the Judges.
- 1010-931 BC: The Book of Ruth is written during the Israelite monarchy.
Practical Lessons from Ruth
- Loyalty and devotion (Ruth 1:16-17): Ruth’s unwavering loyalty to Naomi serves as a model for commitment to family and faith.
- Kindness and compassion (Ruth 2:8-12): Boaz’s treatment of Ruth exemplifies the importance of showing kindness and compassion to others, especially the vulnerable and disadvantaged.
- Redemption and restoration (Ruth 4:9-10): The role of the kinsman-redeemer in Ruth’s life highlights God’s power to redeem and restore individuals and communities.
- God’s providence (Ruth 2:3, 4:13): Throughout the story, God’s providence is evident in the way that Ruth and Naomi’s circumstances change for the better.
Additional Notes
Connection to Shavuot
The Book of Ruth’s significance in Jewish tradition: The book is read during the Jewish festival of Shavuot (also called The Feast of Weeks), which commemorates the giving of the Torah and the harvest season, as the story takes place during the barley harvest.
Theological Themes in Ruth
The Book of Ruth emphasizes the concept of hesed (loving-kindness) through the actions of Ruth and Boaz, who both display selfless love and commitment to others. It also subtly weaves the sovereignty of God throughout the narrative, as divine providence guides the events in Ruth’s life, leading to a redemptive outcome for both her and Naomi.
Structure and Style of Ruth
The Book of Ruth is notable for its well-crafted narrative structure and its use of dialogue, which makes up around 55% of the text. This stylistic choice helps to create a vivid and engaging story.
Women’s Role and Status in the Book of Ruth
The Book of Ruth offers a unique perspective on the role and status of women in ancient Israelite society. It demonstrates the strength and resilience of women like Ruth and Naomi, who navigate difficult circumstances and ultimately experience redemption and restoration. It also underscores the importance of female relationships, as the bond between Ruth and Naomi is central to the entire narrative.