Thomas the Apostle, also known as Didymus, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ. His name “Thomas” derives from the Aramaic word “תָּאוֹמָא” (tʾômʾ) which means “twin,” while “Didymus” is its Greek equivalent. Thomas is best known for his initial skepticism about Jesus’ resurrection, which earned him the nickname “Doubting Thomas.” The exact year of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been born in the first century AD. Information about his parents is not available in biblical texts.
Early Life of Thomas
Little is known about the early life of Thomas. The New Testament does not provide details about his family background or occupation before becoming one of Jesus’ disciples.
Biblical Timeline
Calling of Thomas
Thomas was called to be one of the Twelve Apostles by Jesus. This event is recorded in the synoptic Gospels (Matthew 10:3, Mark 3:18, and Luke 6:15) as well as in the Gospel of John (John 21:2).
Raising of Lazarus and Thomas’ Dedication
In the Gospel of John, when Jesus decided to go to Bethany to raise Lazarus from the dead, Thomas demonstrated his dedication to Jesus. Knowing that going back to Judea could put them in danger due to the hostility of the Jewish authorities, Thomas said to his fellow disciples, “Let us also go, that we may die with him” (John 11:16). This statement indicates Thomas’ loyalty and willingness to follow Jesus, even in the face of danger.
Thomas’ Doubts About Jesus’ Resurrection
After Jesus’ crucifixion, he appeared to his disciples on multiple occasions. Thomas was not present during Jesus’ first appearance, and when the other disciples told him that they had seen the Lord, he expressed skepticism (John 20:24-25). Thomas said he would not believe unless he saw Jesus’ wounds and touched them.
Eight days later, Jesus appeared again to his disciples and specifically addressed Thomas. Jesus invited Thomas to touch his wounds, and Thomas immediately professed his belief, exclaiming, “My Lord and my God!” (John 20:26-28). Jesus responded by saying, “Because you have seen me, you have believed; blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed” (John 20:29).
Thomas in the Upper Room
Thomas was present with the other disciples in the upper room when the Holy Spirit descended upon them during the Feast of Pentecost. This event marked the beginning of the apostles’ public ministry (Acts 1:13-14; Acts 2:1-4).
Death of Thomas
The New Testament does not provide details about Thomas’ death. According to tradition, he traveled to India to spread the Gospel and was eventually martyred there. He is believed to have been killed by a spear thrust.
Additional Notes
Extrabiblical References to Thomas
The “Acts of Thomas,” an apocryphal work from the early Christian era, provides additional information about Thomas’ life and ministry. Although it is not considered reputable, it offers insights into Thomas’ missionary activities in India and the circumstances of his martyrdom.
There are also several ancient churches in India that claim to have been founded by Thomas, and some even claim to possess his relics. However, these claims are impossible to verify.